XPO1 and cancer: Third, Crm1 alterations are implicated in numerous cancers, as it exports tumor suppressors and oncogenes and many of these proteins were found to be mislocalized in cancer cells (Hill et al., 2014); thus, elevated Crm1 expression levels were found in a wide variety of cancer types (Gao et al., 2015; Inoue et al., 2013; Kojima et al., 2013; Lapalombella et al., 2012; Noske et al., 2008; Schmidt et al., 2013; Shen et al., 2009; Tai et al., 2014; van der Watt et al., 2009; van der Watt et al., 2014; Yao et al., 2009; Yoshimura et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2013).