The killing of the regular vegetative cells of P. aeruginosa (Fig. 6) indicates that macrophages are activated upon infection, as further evidenced by them being CD80+/CD86+CD206− (Fig. 8) together with the secretion of high levels of CXCL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α, and were not deterred by the initial high concentration of IL-10 (Fig. 7D), compared to uninfected cells. Here, CD86 is linked to infection.