HMGA1 and cancer: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA, MSigDb Hallmark gene sets) revealed an HMGA1 signature of genes involved in cell cycle progression (E2F targets, G2/M checkpoint, mitotic spindle genes) (Figure 3C), while curated gene sets showed enrichment for cell cycle progression, cell signaling, metastatic progression, cancer stem cells, and embryonic stem cells (Supplemental Table 1) (69, 70).