CD8A and hepatocellular carcinoma: As shown in Fig. 5C, patients in the high-risk group had a lower proportion of B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), central memory T (Tcm) cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, CD4/CD8 T cells, CD56 natural killer (NK) cells, Eosinophil cells, neutrophils, natural regulatory T cells (nTreg), effector memory T (Tem) cells, and T regulatory type 1/2/17 (Tr1/2/17) cells, suggesting an immunosuppressive microenvironment in HCC patients with high-IGS risk.