Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as the antibodies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) could regulate the TIME and influence immune cells to promote anti-tumor immune responses [17, 19]. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.