Strikingly, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that important molecular pathways including “Transcriptional misregulation in cancer”, “Apoptosis” and “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” were significantly enriched and all included a common gene coding transcriptional factor DDIT3 (CHOP), which is critical for UPR-mediated apoptosis (Fig. 3D, E, Additional file 3: Table S2). This evidence concerns the gene DDIT3 and cancer.