DDR inhibitors or DNA-interacting agents can increase the surface expression of PD-L1 and/or activate the cGAS-STING pathway, mediated by cytosolic DNA sensors, leading to Type I interferon stimulated gene (ISG) expression [6, 7] and tumour-infiltrating cytotoxic T-lymphocytes [5, 8]. Here, STING1 is linked to neoplasm.