Artemin overexpression via stable transfection has been shown by Kang et al. to induce tumor growth and dissemination in vivo [69] and to induce resistance to both Tamoxifen in Fulvestrant in vitro [63], demonstrating that multiple components of the RET signaling system can modulate the endocrine-resistant breast cancer phenotype. The gene discussed is ARTN; the disease is breast carcinoma.