NEDD4 and cancer: NEDD4-1 was detected to promote K6- and K27-conjugate polyubiquitination of Beclin-1, resulting in increased stability of Beclin-1 and elevated autophagy (Pei et al. 2017), which is consistent with the finding that showed the knockdown of NEDD4-1 caused a significant reduction of Beclin-1 protein and the inhibition of protective autophagy in cancer cells (Sun et al. 2017).