SMURF2 and cancer: A systematic search in different electronic databases indicated that, among HECT-type E3 ligases, members of the NEDD4 family including NEDD4-1, NEDD4L, SMURF-1, SMURF-2, WWP1, WWP2, and ITCH have been investigated in many various cancers with defective autophagy, as reviewed in next sections.