Notably, the knockdown of NEDD4-1 strongly elevated the active levels of mTOR protein, and as a result, inhibited autophagy activation and proliferation in lung and prostate cancer cells, supporting the association of elevated levels of NEDD4-1 with the induction of the protective autophagy in cancer cells (Li et al. 2015). Here, NEDD4 is linked to prostate carcinoma.