Supportingly, further investigations by Sun et al. indicated that the knockdown of NEDD4-1 in HCC, neuroblastoma, and lung cancer cells caused the aberrant aggregation of the LC3 puncta and the presence of deformed mitochondria as well as reduced autophagosome biogenesis, which appeared as a severe defect in the activation of starvation-induced autophagy or mitophagy. Here, NEDD4 is linked to lung cancer.