The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), in particular anti-programmed cell death-protein 1 (anti-PD-1, nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and anti-programmed death ligand-1 (anti-PD-L1, atezolizumab and durvalumab) antibodies, has revolutionised the management of NSCLC in the last decade. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.