As opposed to the plasma exosome-derived Cx43 levels in healthy controls, the levels of plasma exosome-derived Cx43 in patients with melanoma were substantially downregulated (0.66 ± 0.05 mmol/L vs.0.71 ± 0.03 mmol/L, P < 0.001; Fig. 2A). The gene discussed is GJA1; the disease is melanoma.