Of note, seventeen of thirty-nine proteins are reported as urine biomarkers in different diseases, of which eight proteins (PEBP1, EPS8L2, SERPINA1, FGA, SPINT1, CD55, SPARC, and GINM1) are related to neoplastic disease in urine specimens (Additional file 7: Table S7). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and neoplasm.