MBTPS1 and acute myeloid leukemia: In the context of AML, S1P signaling is central to the initiation of leukemia, where overexpression of S1PR3 leads to leukemogenesis.181 The S1P-S1PR3 axis has also been found to initiate the inflammatory program and myeloid cell differentiation bias among leukemic stem cells (LSCs) from AML patients, which express high levels of S1PR3.