NUCLEOLIN and cancer: Because we observed NCL expression in brain ECs (Figure 1, D–F, and Figure 4, A–D), based on its positive effects on (brain) EC proliferation (Figure 4N and Supplemental Figure 2N), and given that NCL has been targeted in cancer cells and retinal ECs using the aptamer AS1411(45–50, 71, 72), we next tested the effects of the NCL-specific aptamer AS1411 on brain EC proliferation.