IFNG and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In all NSCLC cell lines examined, interferon gamma (IFNγ), a potent transcriptional regulator of PD-L1 [23, 24], increased the total amount of PD-L1 protein without affecting PD-L1 distribution between the interior and PM of cells, its localization to PM puncta, or its localization to cytoplasmic vesicles (Fig. 1E–F, Fig. S1B).