In contrast, the GRS for lower FVC was strongly associated with many traits—among the strongest associations were high C-reactive protein, increased fat mass, raised HbA1c and type 2 diabetes, raised systolic blood pressure, lower hand grip strength and raised ALT as well as increased risk of clinical codes for asthma and COPD (Supplementary Fig. 14c). This evidence concerns the gene CRP and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.