TFAM and breast carcinoma: Induction of the immunoproteasome has also recently been observed upon mtDNA depletion in breast carcinoma cells by unbiased RNA seq analysis but was not observed in other models of mitochondrial stress such as mtDNA heteroplasmy (Picard et al, 2014) or heterozygous TFAM knockout (West et al, 2015; Wu et al, 2019).