Of note, we detected concomitant CD8+ T‐cell activation in IPF lung tissue (Fig 9B): UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) analysis of CD8+ T‐cell activation gene signatures (Table EV2) in CD3+CD8+ T‐cell populations revealed a distinct and significant activation pattern of CD8+ T cells in fibrotic lungs of IPF patients (Fig 9B). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.