Indeed, IL-3 limits Alzheimer’s disease by programming microglia towards an acute immune response program allowing them to clear the accumulation of β-amyloid and neurofibrillary tau in the brain (22) whereas IL-3 promotes the development of experimental autoimmune encephalitis by increasing the recruitment of leukocytes into the brain (43). This evidence concerns the gene IL3 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.