PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Additionally, a higher diversity of gut microbiota at the starting point exhibited intimate relationships with the favorable responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced NSCLC (30, 31), which might be involved in the enhanced memory T cell and natural killer cell signatures in the periphery in response to anti-PD-1 therapy.