TNF and fungal infectious disease: Immunomodulators alone were not associated with an increased risk of invasive fungal infection (HR 1.1, CI 0.8–1.6) and the risk of invasive fungal infection with immunomodulator and anti-TNF combination therapy (HR 1.6, CI 0.7–3.7) was similar to anti-TNF monotherapy (HR 2.5, CI 1.7–3.7) (Table 3).