TRAF6 and diabetes mellitus: In an in vivo study, Alipour et al. discovered a substantial rise in the expression levels of miR-146, NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1), while a significant reduction in the pancreatic expression levels of TRAF6 and IRAK1 was found in the diabetes group in comparison with the control group.