They discovered that decreased expression of miR-146a and consequent upregulation of NOX4 expression can result in an augmented rate of ROS production, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as suppressed expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) proteins, leading to diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis in diabetic rats [79]. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.