C9 and age-related macular degeneration: Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed in Western and East Asian populations have demonstrated the significant AMD-associated common variants in several genes, such as the ARMS2-HTRA1, CFH, CFI, C2-CFB, C3, C9, VEGFA, APOE, LIPC, CETP, TIMP3, TNFRSF10A, COL8A1, SLC16A8, TGFBR1, RAD51B, ADAMTS9, and B3GALTL genes (Cheng et al., 2015; Black and Clark, 2016; Fritsche et al., 2016).