VEGFA and brain cancer: Third, the VEGF family includes multiple subtypes (VEGF-A, VEGF-D, etc.)(54), and limited by current knowledge and the inability to obtain both individual-level and summary data for GWAS of VEGF-subtypes and risk factors for malignant brain tumors to assess potential genetic correlations, we cannot explore other exposures and cannot rule out the possibility of pleiotropic effects.