Clinical trials using EpCAM targeted CAR-T therapy have been conducted in a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal cancers, as depicted in Table 2. A phase I trial (NCT02541370) showed the clinical efficacy and controllable side effects of autologous CAR-T cell directed CD133 termed CART-133 to treat patients with CD133+ advanced metastasis malignancies, and it seemed that CART-133 cells exhibited the “on-target, off-tumor” effect on patients with bile duct stenosis for the reason that it can target CD133 antigen exposed on the bile duct endothelium (142). The gene discussed is EPCAM; the disease is neoplasm.