Therefore, we examined the serum levels of IL-9, IL-1β, IL-1α, MCP-1, MIP-1β, IgE, IL-6, TNF-α, MIG, rantes, granzyme B, angiogenin MIP-1α, G-CSF, fractalkine, and IL-8 in individuals with DS and non-DS volunteers. Here, TNF is linked to Dravet syndrome.