It has been previously reported the serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α) are significantly increased and anti-inflammatory cytokines (including G-CSF) are significantly reduced in individuals with DS (Huggard et al., 2020; Martini et al., 2022). The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is Dravet syndrome.