In addition, Lck expression is increased in numerous solid tumors, such as glioma (Summy and Gallick, 2003; Du et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2010; Zepecki et al., 2019), cholangiocarcinoma (Pei et al., 2015; Sugihara et al., 2018; Conboy et al., 2023), and breast cancer (Bai et al., 2019; Meng et al., 2021), etc. Although targeting NF-κB may be a useful strategy for therapeutic intervention against inflammatory diseases, it is also involved in normal cellular physiology, such as immune responses, embryonic development of the limbs, bones, skin, and other organs (Li and Verma, 2002). This evidence concerns the gene LCK and cholangiocarcinoma.