In addition to absolute numbers of T-cells in the tumor being predictive of therapeutic response, studies have demonstrated that the spatial localization of immune cells might be critical in tumor classification and predicted response to therapy (Gruosso et al., 2019; Hammerl et al., 2021) Work by Gruosso et al. (Gruosso et al., 2019) on TNBCs clustered tumors into four subtypes based on the spatial localization of CD8+ (cytotoxic) T-cells (Gruosso et al., 2019) (Figure 2). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.