Human genetic studies have also suggested a link between interferon responses and COVID-19 outcomes, with one group finding 3.5% of patients with severe COVID-19 to harbor rare variants in interferon signaling genes (including IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IRF3, and IRF7)45, though this finding was not replicated in other studies46,47. The gene discussed is IFNAR1; the disease is COVID-19.