After adjustments for sex, age, BMI, and diabetic duration, the associations among HbA1c, ALT, serum ALB, eGFR, urinary ACR, VPT, HSL, presence of dyslipidemia, NAFLD, DPN, DN, PAD and AAR were attenuated but remained statistically significant (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.