In a study evaluating 150 patients with CKD, the discrimination of serum Gal3 concentrations for mortality based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was higher than that of serum cystatin C and serum creatinine (AUC-ROC: Gal3 = 0.89, cystatin C = 0.83; creatinine = 0.85) (Ji et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene CST3 and chronic kidney disease.