CAV1 and hypertensive disorder: Using caveolin-1 as a marker of transcytosis (caveolin-1 oligomerization is necessary for the expansion of caveolar invaginations and formation of transcellular vesicles, (Predescu et al., 1997; Zhao et al., 2014)), we suggested that both hypertension-induced BBB leakage and exercise-induced correction were caused by transcytosis across the BBB (Fragas et al., 2021).