TXNIP and Alzheimer disease: Some flavonoids can also reduce the overexpression of TXNIP and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (Zhang M. et al., 2021). Notably, regarding the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids, isomers of flavonoids also play an influential role in the treatment of AD and DM, such as isomeric C-glycosylated derivatives of luteolin and apigenin (Choi et al., 2014a; Choi et al., 2014b).