There were 24 risk factors available from these studies, including age, gender, marital status, smoking, height, BMI, waist circumference, duration of DM, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), TG, HDL-c, low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), SBP, DBP, C-reactive protein, eGFR, hypertension, DR, DKD, CVD, insulin, and statins. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetic kidney disease.