FN1 and endothelial dysfunction: In addition to endothelial dysfunction, repeated vascular injury provokes endothelial cells to acquire mesenchymal phenotype, expressing various markers (e.g. alpha‐smooth muscle actin, vimentin and fibronectin) that would drive aberrant activation of the epithelial‐mesenchymal trophic unit (Osei & Hackett, 2020).