Patients who developed cognitive impairment during the study had higher levels of TNF-alpha at baseline (4.10 pg/mL) compared to patients without the development of cognitive impairment (3.42 pg/mL) and compared to patients who presented with cognitive impairment already at baseline (3.53 pg/mL), p = 0.037, Table 5. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Cognitive impairment.