Therefore, the finding of relevant associations of higher CSF levels of ICAM-1, interleukin-8, MCP-1, MIP-1-beta and SCF with cognitive dysfunction and with higher CSF levels of neurodegenerative/PD-specific biomarkers seem consistent in sporadic PD and also relevant when including PDGBA patients and patients with DLB. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is Parkinson disease.