The deoxygenated inflammatory microenvironment of a tumor is distinct from most other tissues and therefore allows selective accumulation of obligate anaerobes in the tumor for the delivery of bacteria-based vaccine or drug.102,105 Hu et al. used self-assembled synthetic nanoparticles coated attenuated bacteria to develop a novel oral DNA vaccine to express vascular VEGFR2 and specific antigens.132 This engineered bacteria could activate T cells and induce the production of cytokine for efficacious cancer immunotherapy. Here, KDR is linked to neoplasm.