A Lactobacillus probiotic was engineered to produce anti-inflammatory molecules, in particular IL-10, in response to murine colitis.208 An engineered E. coli, named EcNL4, improved intestinal microbiota and thereby colitis in mice through the sustainable release of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB).209 An E. coli strain, named SYNB1618, expressing the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and L-amino acid deaminase genes was engineered to consume phenylalanine in the gut. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and colitis.