Immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic analysis of a cohort of TC patients (Supplementary Table 2 and Supplementary Fig. 8e) revealed that KISS1 and KISS1R expression levels are positively associated with the aggressive phenotype including PTC-derived metastatic lesions and ATCs, in line with a RNAseq and DFS probability analysis of a large cohort of thyroid carcinoma, showing a significant correlation between high levels of KISS1R and the risk of developing TC metastatic disease (Fig. 5E–G and Supplementary Figs. 8f–i). Here, KISS1 is linked to metastatic neoplasm.