Particularly, exosomes with high surface expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been found in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients, suggesting that PD-L1-positive (PD-L1+) exosomes are potential serum markers for early and accurate diagnosis of NSCLC, which is clinically important for improving the survival rate of NSCLC patients [5, 6]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.