Further, the protein level of intestinal M-CSF was analyzed and showed that the level in patients with ulcerative colitis accompanied by anxiety/depression was significantly higher than that in patients without anxiety/depression (1.72 ± 0.16 vs. 1.22 ± 0.07, P = 0.0295) (Fig. 5B). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and ulcerative colitis.