Based on the results obtained in the present study, the following mechanisms may be behind the anti-tumor effects of the combined treatment of CuNPs and low dose of gamma radiation, as they synergize in inducing oxidative stress state, which triggers signaling pathways of intrinsic apoptosis as well as antitumor and antiproliferative activities via Nf-kB/p38 MAPK signaling, and cell cycle arrest via cyclin D1. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.