In this regard, it is the first and only crystallized NADPH oxidase and there are relevant studies suggesting that NOX5 could be a good therapeutic target in vascular diseases as diabetic nephropathy [59, 67, 87], cerebral ischemic injury [18], acute myocardial infarction or stroke [77], as well as in some types of cancer [9] and a potential target of cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapies, such as cisplatin [32, 61]. The gene discussed is NOX5; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.