The particular kind of malnutrition of patients with AN differs from the protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), which represents the most common cause of human immunodeficiency [58]; in fact, differently from PEM, in AN, the risk of common viral infections is not increased [15]; CD4+ T-cell counts are usually preserved with reduced percentages of CD8+ T-cells [26,27,33]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is malnutrition.