GH1 and hypogonadism: While in women with CD, there is a clear association between the reduction in estrogens during menopause and the development of osteoporosis [54], in men, there are no certain connections between low BMD and the effect of other factors, such as growth hormone (GH) and hypogonadism, besides nutrients, and calcium and vitamin D deficiencies due to villous atrophy [55].