TNF and psoriasis vulgaris: In parallel, the limited effect exerted by IL-22 and IL-23 on TLR7/TLR9 expression should be discussed based on recent observations reporting their upregulation in plaque psoriasis biopsies [61] and after the incubation of 3D organotypic cultures of normal human skin with TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, which can reproduce the psoriatic plaque milieu [42].