TNF and ulcerative colitis: As of 2022, five TNFα inhibitors (anti-TNFα) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and are widely prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis, Crohn’s disease (CD), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), ulcerative colitis (UC), and noninfectious uveitis (NIU) [26].