PYY and Insulin resistance: SCFAs can also promote the secretion of insulin by pancreatic β cells by regulating the secretion of gut-derived hormones, such as glucagon-like Peptide 1 (Glp-1), Glucagon Peptide 2 (Glp-2), Peptide YY (PYY), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic Peptide (GIP), etc., to increase insulin sensitivity and suppress appetite and food intake, thereby improving insulin resistance.