This is the case with IREB2, which encodes iron-responsive element-binding protein 2 [8], a group-specific component that is the major vitamin D-binding protein [9], as well as a variable number of tandem repeats within the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene or the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α 308 G/A variant in the Asian population [10], which have been shown to advance the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.