TNF and tuberculosis: Furthermore, by stimulating whole blood with PHA and assaying six different cytokines and chemokines, two TB patient sub-groups were then identified: TB hyperinflammatory/hyperresponsive patients that demonstrated a baseline hyperinflammatory condition similar to that of endotype A but displayed a decreased capacity to up-regulate IFN-γ, TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL9, and CXCL10, and TB Responsive patients, the immune-responsive group with the capacity to react to stimulation [13] (Figure 1).