The authors used a multiplex assay of 48 cytokines on PF of endometriosis patients and found a six-cytokine signature of IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-16, IL-18, MCP-1 and MIP-1α, all upregulated in patients with DIE compared to peritoneal endometriosis, as well as a seven-cytokine signature comprising IL-1α, IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-16 and TNF-α when comparing patients with ovarian endometriomas and patients with DIE [51]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is endometriosis.