KNG1 and cystic fibrosis: The hyperinflammatory responses of short-term CF cultures or long-term CF cultures exposed to SMM were mediated by the expansion of the apically-localized ER Ca2+ stores, based on (1) functional data (e.g., increased apical bradykinin- or UTP-promoted ER Ca2+ release) and (2) morphological evidence (e.g., higher apical expression of ER Ca2+ store markers) [224,225].